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Analysis Of Christopher Bell s Blackness And Disability

America insists on keeping a strong balance of life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness for its citizens, no matter their race or ability to participate in what is considered a â€Å"normal† society. However, the minority race has become a social construct that essentially hinders the inalienable rights given to American citizens. Christopher Bell, author of â€Å"Blackness and Disability† assesses historical context, to analytically and articulately prove how black bodies and disabilities often get discredited. Black people relating to being angry, loud, and dangerous, and ableism, are confined to conflicts that result in a number of unjust situations, including acknowledging their disabilities. These stereotypical ideas do not allow them to operate in their fullest potential. When people see a black person, they automatically gaze over the color of their skin. As a result, African Americans will always be under a socially constructed view that puts more meaning to stereotypes. America has yet to discover that the idea of disability around the African American body remains invisible to their blackness because of the social stratification that they endure. Society automatically assumes and concludes by racially profiling the African American body. Black bodies are not only exposed to the factor of racial tension but also to the idea that their bodies are able to be violated. Violated in the sense of people only seeing the fixated image of causing harm that fails respect the black

Crusades Free Essays

Crusades refers to a series of religious-based wars among the Jews, European Christians, and the Muslims, primarily initiated to exercise full control over certain places which were considered sacred by both religious groups. It is mostly held in places regarded as holy such as the Mecca, Churches and the Erected tents in the streets (Hindley 81). Basically, the major concerns of crusades were to promote the culture of peace, love and unity among the people, respect for one’s life, transformation and shaping of the people’s moral way of life and to preach salvation to both Christians and Non-Christians. We will write a custom essay sample on Crusades or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is organized and presided over by Bishops, Prophets, Priests, and Clerics etc. It involved shouting of certain spiritual messages along the corridors and preaching of the coming of the Messiah. Through crusades, Christians were urged to change their ways of life, repent their sins and turn away from their wrong deeds. However, the crusade aspect has been covered broadly by various historical writers. This paper, therefore, seeks to examine the various significant approaches employed by different writers on the subject matter, the difference in their points of views as well as the factors that might have led to their different thoughts. The origin of crusade can be traced far back in the year 1095 during the Urban II’s preaching. Frank the Monk, a French writer, attended the council of Clermont and witnessed the first crusade which occurred in 1107 titled â€Å"The Deeds of the Franks† (Riley-Smith 82). The council was presided over by Pope Urban II and other Bishops in an open field due to a large number of people who could hardly fit in any of the buildings. Most approaches used by the writers include converging the people and encouraging them to fasten their spirits and have faith in God. They condemned the inhuman and hostility of landowners who killed innocent Christian lives and held some in captives (Rubenstein 109). Guibert of Nogent, on the other hand, argued that not unless the time of the nation is fulfilled, the city of Jerusalem will be destroyed by the people. He clarified further that, according to the Lord’s gospel, only those who will carry their cross and follow Jesus will remain to be worthy. On the other hand, Albert of Aache, Rosenfeld, among others disagrees with their French counterparts over the preaching aspect of the crusade. Instead, they strongly advocated for Peter the Hermit, who was believed to be the inventor of the crusades. Peter the Hermit, was not pleased with the criminal acts and wicked deeds of the Christians in church. He knew it was wrong to still church offerings (Rubin 98). He knew such acts were filthy before the lord and was against all other immoral deeds. He was then sent on a mission by God to preach repentance message to the people before the coming of the lord. However, it is evident that the writers used different approaches in developing their crusade chronicles. Some of the factors that contributed to their difference in approaches include the background, scramble for holy land and other socio-cultural factors such as their religions. In conclusion, the use of crusades has become more common in the recent past. It has provided a platform through which the word of God can be preached to many in an open place with an aim of transforming people spiritually and building their faith in God. In the ancient past, various historical writers have channeled their significant approaches on crusades in which they have also differed in their thoughts on some points. Factors behind their disagreement include the religious issues, their backgrounds, and acquisition of certain portions of land regarded as holy. How to cite Crusades, Papers

Analyze The Supply Chain Channels Of Uncle Brian’s Tourism Company

Question: Discuss about the Analyze The Supply Chain Channels Of Uncle Brians Tourism Company. Answer: Introduction The main aim of the following report is to analyze the supply chain channels, global logistics and other different strategic management elements of Uncle Brians tourism company. The researcher has started the project with a brief overview of the company and has proceeded with the discussion of the mentioned strategic elements of the company. Overview Uncle Brians is a tourism company based in Queensland of the country Australia. Headquartered in 40a Hannam Street, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia the company has a wide reputation both nationally and internationally to conduct rainforest tours (unclebrians.com.au). The tourism company operates tours both to Atherton Tablelands and Cape Tribulation. The most spectacular tour being the Fun Falls and Forest which is a spectacular journey along Arthelon Table land situated in North Queensland. The company operates a special bus known as the Gus, the wonder bus. The bus takes the tourists through stunning scenarios, a lush green rainforest and to exquisite and beautiful backgrounds. The rainforest tour is one of the most famous amongst the foreign individuals as well as the national citizens of the country. The mentioned company is one of the most well reputed tourism companies not only in Queensland but also across the island nation. The reputation of the company has been earned thr ough its well established network and its capability to provide the best possible services to the tourists. Their services start once a tourist books them online. The mentioned company of this report updates all the details of the areas that are to be visited by them and increases an appetite within them to visit the site. The tourists are accompanied by the agents of the company from the airport to the hotel and are provided with all the brochures and necessary details regarding the company and the rainforest tour. On the day of the tour the tourists are picked up from the hotel itse4lf and are taken for the tour. As mentioned earlier the tourists are taken in a special bus to the scenic places of Queensland and finally to the Fun Falls where the people are allowed to bath and have fun. Some of the other interesting places in this part of Queensland include the famous Babinda Boulders which is the famous rainforest of this region, Josephine Falls which is one of the most beautiful falls having the most exclusive swimming hole in Australia, A tea house where the guests are served tea and snacks and other food and beverages, Milla Milla Falls and last but not the least in any ways is the magnificent Lake Eacham which is a volcanic crater lake about a depth of 60 meters (Monczka et al. 2015). Supply chain/logistics management from the source to the customer Tourism is one of the major sources of foreign exchange earners and serves as one of the major economic contributors of any country (Slack, 2015). Tourism is said to be a multi layered industry where the products offered to the consumers are consumed in a very short span of time. The following industry can also be said to be very price sensitive and has a high level of intangibility. Like the other supply chains of the industry tourism also operates in business to business relationships and the supply chain management can be easily applied to deliver sustainability performance improvements alongside a clear financial performance by effectively working out to bring a positive change in the business operations of each and every supplier (Ahi Searcy, 2013). Every business organization has a product to offer for the customer. This provides almost every company with a proper supply chain. The supply chain has an impact on almost every other business function. Supply chain management is the management of almost every single element of the business that consists of information, money and time. The mentioned tourism company in Australia has a clear Supply Chain Logistics Management (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). The main aim of the supply chain management is to remove any forms of waste that may occur in the chain and improve the customer service provided to the tourists. The management of Uncle Brians ensures that no such wastes disrupt the smooth flow of the resources. The improved customer service is done by means of interlinked processes that are meant for preferred suppliers and to make sure that there is a bigger turnover (Stadtler, 2015). Reduction of product life cycles, increase in the competition, increase in the competitions have been the major forces that prompted the mentioned company to move away from physical logistics management to more technologically advanced supply chain management. Tourism supply chain of the mentioned company includes a number of different components like bars, restaurants, waste disposal, tea house, bus, fuel suppliers, water costume suppliers, water safety instruments and many others as such (journals.elseiver.com). Uncle Brians takes the tourists to bars and restaurants at the evening to refresh them and help them enjoy the tour (Peppard Ward, 2016). As mentioned earlier the company has a dedicated tea house in the core area of the rainforest which provides the tourists with a variety of food in the midst of the natural environment of the forest. The food is supplied by a eatery house which has a strategic tie up with Uncle Brians. Some of the foods are made by the chefs that are employed by the company itself (Pagell Shevchenko, 2014). The disposal of waste is an area of concern as the leftovers of the food and other items cannot be thrown in the forest and adjacent areas. The company has dedicated waste baskets which are cleared every d ay by the local forest department of the company. Next comes the fuel suppliers of the bus that the tourism company operates to ferry the tourists across the forests and the coastal areas of Queensland. The management of the company has a 6 month tie up with Caltex that is the main supplier of crude oil and fuel for the buses of the company. The company arranges special bath sessions for the tourists who can have a refreshing bath. The swimming costumes and the safety instruments are supplied by a local company which is owned by Uncle Brians. Thus the advanced supplier chain helps the company to conduct successful adventure tours in and around Queensland (Wheelen Hunger, 2017). Linkage between the company Activities and Theories Logistics and Supply Chain Management has a number of different definitions. Some researchers considers Supply chain as a much broader concept as because it consists of the concepts that encompasses logistics, while others understand logistics as comprising Supply Chain Management (Morschett, Schramm-Klein Zentes, 2015). There are lots of theories and activities as well as components involved in the conduction of smooth work by the mentioned company in this research. Thus Supply Chain Management is the main process of initiating the process where the buyer works with the suppliers to effectively carry out smooth business operations. This includes a variety of items like the product designing, planning, operations, logistics, delivery and many other related things with tourism. The company activities are directly related to the supply chain as because the chain helps to identify and supply the perfect products to the suppliers of the company (Touboulic Walker, 2015). To promote the supply chain management the company has to make sure that they establish a robust and well structured business case investment in sustainability initiatives from both their sides as well as from the side of the suppliers. A focus on the added values through sustainability measures isn undertaken to overcome the activities of low cost competition. Sourcing Strategy: Sourcing Strategy includes; Making or buying Decisions- The services provided by Uncle Brians are either provided directly or are outsourced. The back office activities of the mentioned company are outsourced to some of the leading IT Companies that carry on their operations in Australia. The company drastically improved its revenue within a short span of 2 years by following this following structure (Christopher, 2016). The main aim of the organization is to be one of the top tourism companies of Australia and provide the best services to the customers. Capacity management- Each and every product offered by tourism companies are subject to instability of demand. The company faces problems in the lean season when there is hardly any people to avail the tourist services. The company on the other hand faces shortage of human resources as well as other necessary resources whiles the annual Queensland festival (Scott et al. 2014). The company leases local guides and additional buses to meet the shortfalls in the demand. Manufacturing Management- In tourism, manufacturing component is limited to sectors like food and craft, mementos and other gift items. The service sector is thus an important consideration for the success of the tourism company (Pagell Shevchenko, 2014). Distribution Strategy Distribution strategy is one of the main considerations in Tourism business and the following company is no exception. The distribution strategy helps to improve the organizational performance of the business. The following structure has four divisions namely; One Stage System- Such a system provides direct sales from the primary suppliers to the consumers. Uncle Brians has its own dedicated website where customers can book their seats as well as hotel services. This helps the customers to directly avail the services without the intervention of any third party (Jacobs Chase, 2013). Two Stage System- The travel agent is involved in such a stage as the travelers takes the help of travel agents to book their tour services with Uncle Brians. Three Stage System- This particular stage involves two middlemen like retail agent traveler and wholesaler who makes all the arrangements regarding the tour programs with Uncle Brians. Four Stage System- The particular system involves a retail travel agent, wholesaler and additional middlemen who helps the mentioned tourism company to develop their brand image and improve the customer experience (emeraldinsight.com). Apart from this other components include accommodation, food and other benefits provided to travelers. Sustainability through the Value Chain To achieve proper value chain sustainability it is important to design and pack the products and services of the company in accordance to the environmental rules and regulations. The design aspect of the network of value chain includes the engineering and the production of the material that are to be supplied to the consumers for their consumption. As mentioned earlier the main products of the tourism companies are invisible as they offer tour services to the tourists. It is the duty of the management of Uncle Brians to present the tour programs of the company to the customers in an organized way so that it attracts the attention of a large number of customers (Jacobs Chase, 2013). The company has a competitive advantage in the marketplace given its ability to attract as large number of tourists, revenue earned and many more as such. The purchasing power of Uncle Brians to establish a proper supplier relationship is a very well established fact. However the company has earlier faced a number of problems with the suppliers because of some differences. The management of the company is thus very much focused on avoiding such mistakes in the future. The following issues are however critical to the understanding of the Supply Chain Management of the company (inderscience.com). The mass market industry is generally characterized by a number of standardized products of the company in which purchasing choice is driven by the features of the accommodation and the types of services that are provided by the company (Mangan Lalwani, 2016). But popular studies related to the customer interest in sustainability have revealed that the particular sector is turning out to be a concern for the company. The issues that arise in sustainability in the travel industry are attracting the eyes of financial concerns and are thus being integrated into different legislative rules and regulations. The management of Uncle Brians ensures that the company has a secured future (Mangan Lalw ani, 2016). The company is developing innovative ideas for the conduction of tours in different ways that can attract a lot more customers from its present strength and help the company to earn a healthy amount of profit in the coming days by sustaining the different market forces. References "International Journal Of Integrated Supply Management (IJISM) - Inderscience Publishers."Inderscience.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 13 Oct. 2017. "International Journal Of Operations Production Management."Emeraldinsight.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 13 Oct. 2017. "Waterfall Tours Cairns - Uncle Brians Atherton Tours."Uncle Brians Tours. N.p., 2017. Web. 12 Oct. 2017. Ahi, P., Searcy, C. (2013). A comparative literature analysis of definitions for green and sustainable supply chain management.Journal of Cleaner Production,52, 329-341. Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Jacobs, R., Chase, R. (2013).Operations and supply chain management. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Mangan, J., Lalwani, C. (2016).Global logistics and supply chain management. John Wiley Sons. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., Patterson, J. L. (2015).Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H., Zentes, J. (2015).Strategic international management. Springer. Pagell, M., Shevchenko, A. (2014). Why research in sustainable supply chain management should have no future.Journal of supply chain management,50(1), 44-55. Peppard, J., Ward, J. (2016).The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Processes, Journal. "Journal Of Manufacturing Processes."Journals.elsevier.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 13 Oct. 2017. Scott, N., Getz, D., Noakes, S., Laws, E. (2014). 7 The Lamington National Park Acontrasts approach to rainforest tourism research.Rainforest tourism, conservation and management: Challenges for sustainable development. Slack, N. (2015).Operations strategy. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Touboulic, A., Walker, H. (2015). Theories in sustainable supply chain management: a structured literature review.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,45(1/2), 16-42. Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D. (2017).Strategic management and business policy. pearson.

Impact of the Japan Tsunami 2011 Disaster on Tourism and Hospitality Industries

Introduction Many countries of the world have witnessed catastrophic disasters of one form or another. However, some countries have had to deal with several destructive natural and man-made occurrences that have in turn hit the economic progress in those countries quite hard (Murata Katoh, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of the Japan Tsunami 2011 Disaster on Tourism and Hospitality Industries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Japan, for instance has experienced highly destructive disasters like high magnitude earthquakes, atomic bombs during the Second World War, tsunami, and nuclear crisis, coupled with numerous consequences of aftermath usually resulting in humanitarian crisis (Fraser, 2011).For Japan, Tsunamis are one of the most destructive phenomena due to its vulnerability. Tsunami is usually caused by the disturbances of the earth’s crust usually with a net vertical displacement of the ocean base or its surroundings (Bradley Statler, 2011). Japan is currently the third largest economy world wide as well as one of the highest consumers of oil. This essay discusses short term and long term effects of the Tsunami on tourism and hospitality industries in Japan. It also focuses on the importance of a risk management strategic approach, the importance of applying risk plans and strategies like risk identification, analysis, monitoring, evaluating and reporting. Furthermore, the existing risk management processes and disaster recovery processes by the Japanese government and other business operations as well as the necessary risk management processes for the management of a business in vulnerable regions are explored. Short Term and Long Term Effects of the Tsunami It is important to note that most countries found along the major oceans and seas are the most vulnerable to the most destructive tsunami.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Countries found along the Pacific Ocean have been the most affected but also those found along the Atlantic and Indian Oceans as well as in the Mediterranean Sea have felt the impact of tsunami (Satake Borrero, 2007). Most coastal regions in the Pacific countries are highly populated due to the fact that the inland regions are usually mountainous and inhabitable compared to the relatively flatland in the coastal areas (CRTWFSONTP NRC, 2011). Most economic activities in these countries involve international trade and a number of people operate large fleets of ships and the ports are well developed. The countries in the Pacific Ocean especially those with extensive continental coastal areas use small coastal ships as means of transport. This has necessitated the development of many small ports to facilitate inter-island economic activities. Japan for instance have numerous ports as well as well developed ship building facilities, nuclear energy plants, engineering structures, aqua culture industries, electric plants, refineries and other crucial structures and infrastructure (Fraser, 2011). With this wealth of resources, it is evident that Japan and other countries in the major oceans are socially and economically vulnerable to the effects associated with tsunami. The earthquake and subsequent tsunami that visited Japan in March 11, 2011 will remain one of the most destructive occurrences over a very long period of time.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of the Japan Tsunami 2011 Disaster on Tourism and Hospitality Industries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The earthquake was so huge that it read 8.9 magnitudes against the Richter scale setting off a massive tsunami (Prothero, 2011). Thousands of people have been confirmed dead, thousands have been displaced, similar range of number is still missing, and the in frastructure in the affected area has been massively destroyed. These have numerous short and long term economic and social effects both at the national and international level. The Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped far below the daily support level which ranges between 11,000 and 12,000. This has been a key indicator for most traders and economists and hence has significant implications. The price dynamics in any given market is of interest to participants and this has been witnessed in Japan as a result of the Tsunami crisis. They have been interested in determining the impact of the disaster on the Japanese as well as global economy (OECD, 2011). Market volatility increased significantly causing a drop in major currencies and indexes which in turn reversed all the gains that had been made earlier on. During the period, volatile short term impacts were felt with the dollar falling against the Japanese yen. The prices in the stock have rapidly dropped giving great opportunities only to those who may wish to buy shares. The general economic growth may decrease just for a short period of time as a result of the post-disaster effects.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Tsunamis remain to be one of the most destructive phenomena usually with immediate and long-lasting effects. The recent Japanese tsunami caused great loss of lives and most coastal infrastructure were massively destroyed. The rice fields were swept away when the tsunami waves spread over 8 kilometers into the inland regions (Bradley Statler, 2011). The impacts of this natural phenomena range from human, social, economic, and cultural in nature. The immediate effects may be too shocking and raising much uncertainty. However, it is generally believed that the impacts and recovery efforts could turn to be beneficial to Japan and even help the country surpass initial productive levels. Impact of the Tsunami on the Tourism and Hospitality Industries The disastrous effects of the tsunami that occurred in Japan have had direct impacts on the transport and tourism sector worsening the risks posed by the effects of a staggering economic recession since 2008/2009 financial year (Jones Phili ps, 2011). Shortly after the earthquake and tsunami were reported, both the inbound and outbound travel arrangements by hundreds of people were canceled. This was expected to extend for many months due to the destruction caused by the tsunami and earthquake as well as the not-easy to fade fears of after-shock and similar catastrophic phenomena (Macdougall, 2011). A number of countries in the world advised their citizens to avoid travelling to Japan during the disaster period until they are advised otherwise. This had direct impact on the Japanese tourism industry. Regional tourism business association recorded reduced bookings from the affected regions of Japan (the North Eastern prefectures) and this was expected to go on for the better part of the year which will result in significantly low earnings. The tsunami also triggered fears across other regions in the Pacific and hence many tour arrangements had to be temporarily suspended which in turn affected the tourism sector in thos e countries (Bradley Statler, 2011). For instance, tourists from Thailand cancelled their trips to Japan for fear of another earthquake and tsunami and related chain of effects like the nuclear power crises. Other airlines cancelled their flights to Japan soon after the country was hit by the earthquake and tsunami. It is not possible to talk about the tourism sector without mentioning the hotel and hospitality industry (Satake Borrero, 2007). Furthermore, major tourist reception centers were temporarily closed as well as other recreation and entertainment events which had been scheduled had to be abruptly halted. This implied that the income that would be generated were lost as a result of the tsunami disaster. Many businesses and other investments were massively destroyed and hence several people lost their livelihoods. Their appetite for travel would definitely be lost as a result of the tragic occurrences in Japan. The beach resorts in the affected areas were thriving before t hey were virtually wiped out by the earthquake and the subsequent tsunami (OECD, 2011). During summer period, thousands of tourists would choose these as their destinations due to their attractive nature. The first class guest houses that shone on the Japan’s northeastern coastal region were no more after the devastating effects of the tsunami. The accommodation services were strategically located since most tourists visit this region to collect shellfish, take boat tours of the numerous islands covered with pine, as well as eat the oysters commonly found in the bay (Jones Philips, 2011). They have remained to be the major Japanese tourist trails but they were no more after the wrecking impacts of the disaster (Satake Borrero, 2007). The major coastal towns in the northeast of Japan were literally washed away by the 10-meter tsunami waves that extended almost 10 kilometers inland, crushing down executive buildings, taking thousands of lives, and subsequently causing massive loss of jobs (Jayasuriya McCawley, 2011). The train network has also been a major facilitator of tourist activities in Japan. However, the major stations were jumbled up with the connecting tracks along the coastal region having been torn away and twisted beyond any immediate repair. This has had immeasurable impact on both the hospitality and tourism industry in Japan, particularly the areas bearing the brunt of the tragic events (Bryant, 2008). Moreover, the major tourist attraction features like the outstanding cliffs on the island of Miyatoshima were brought down by the forceful force of the tsunami waves. The magnificent bridge connecting to the island was swept away and tourists will not be able to visit the island until it has been rebuilt (Macdougall, 2011). This has direct impact on the tourism industry as it will take a while before the tourists chose this destination. As an inducement to woo tourists to visit Japan, holiday prices will have to drop significantly implyin g that the sector will get very low overall revenues. Existing Risk Management Processes and Disaster Recovery Processes Despite the fact that mankind has been faced with catastrophic physical phenomena since antiquity, it is evident that little can be done to prevent natural occurrences (Murata Katoh, 2010). These may include earthquakes, floods, droughts, volcanic activities, hurricanes, and high-magnitude tsunami. Although they may happen infrequently, their human, social, and economic effects are usually detrimental. People in vulnerable areas have learnt how to adapt to the otherwise life-threatening conditions. Before man became inventive, such events were experienced passively with little if any effort to prevent them. However, as the years went by, humankind has made effort to reduce the negative impacts of such activities like the number of lives lost, and property destruction (Macdougall, 2011). There is need for proper planning in the vulnerable areas if the associated ri sks are to be significantly minimised. A number of factors must be considered when planning to deal with the tsunami crisis (Hebenstreit, 1997). Apart from understanding the physical orientation of the tsunami itself including how it is usually manifested in each specific geographic area, it is paramount to be acquainted with the general physical nature, social and cultural factors (Edgar, 2011). The areas in the identified vulnerable zones have relatively different degree of vulnerability from each other (OECD, 2011). The frequency of tsunami in the Pacific Ocean is usually very high and hence the regions in this part of the world have received much attention from the hazard management bodies. There is need to consider the possibility of a tsunami when initiating development projects in the coastal regions. Land use practices along the coastlines have been greatly influenced by the unfavorable conditions in the rural or interior regions which are most mountainous (Satake Borrero, 2007). Despite the willingness to risk, government agencies in these countries ought to encourage people to live in the interior of the country where they are assured of safety and minimal risk compared to the coastal regions (Prothero, 2011). This implies that governments should also distribute development projects to these areas in order to attract more people out of the comparatively populated coastal areas. Furthermore, the government agencies should introduce land use policies which regulate investments in the coastal area with an aim of reducing the impact of tsunami once it occurs (Hebenstreit, 1997). Areas which have been known to sustain the impacts of massive tsunami should be identified as the best area for investment. High risk regions should be classified as such and people as well as government discouraged from investing heavily. Planning is therefore very important both to the government and industry development regimes since it helps in minimizing hazards related to tsunami and other natural events. As already mentioned, technological advancements in the modern days have facilitated the prevention of massive destruction as a result of natural catastrophic phenomena. It is possible to tell the possibility of a tsunami using sophisticated technological instrumentation (CRTWFSONTP NRC, 2011). These devices are designed to collect important data which are in turn used to communicate warning signs of a probable tsunami. Countries in the vulnerable regions have developed ultramodern technologies for issuing warning signs (Edgar, 2011). These countries include the Soviet Union, Japan, the United States, and Canada. As a measure of enhancing preventive approaches, the countries have agreed to share sensitive but crucial information that may help in evading the impacts of tsunami and related disaster found in the Pacific (Hebenstreit, 1997). They have developed specific oceanographic centers for this purpose and strategic positioned so as to enhance th e accuracy of the data collected through regular observation and measurement (Satake Borrero, 2007). One of the major centers to have been developed is in Honolulu where there is the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) operated by the United States National Weather Service and is currently the most trusted international source of tsunami warnings (Tankut, 2009). This station is linked to other stations dealing with specific factors associated with tsunami. There are a number of separate stations for monitoring seismic waves, others for observing ocean/sea tides and numerous information dissemination centers spread across the entire Pacific Basin in the different member countries (Bryant, 2008). Basically, the International Tsunami Warning System aims to detect as well as tell the location/epicenter of major earthquakes occurring in the Pacific area, determine whether they have the potential of causing tsunami, and subsequently issue timely and effective warnings and other importa nt information to the concerned populations in order to reduce the hazardous effects on humankind and property (CRTWFSONTP NRC, 2011). The earliest information about the Japan earthquake and subsequent tsunami was disseminated by the PTWC. It is important to understand how this warning systems functions. First, any of the recognized seismic observatory system detects an earthquake of significant magnitude of about 6.5 or more on the Richter scale (Tankut, 2009). Such earthquakes usually draw a lot of interest for investigation. The next step is for the PTWC to gather sufficient data of an earthquake and then determine its magnitude. When the information indicates that a possible tsunami is a threat to the people living in a given region, a warning message is disseminated to other agencies which are responsible for transmitting to the members of the public (Kumar, 2009). Thirdly, it is the duty of these agencies to act in advance in determining the appropriate immediate measures tha t will help move people to safe areas. If in case the tide stations later reveal that the negligible tsunami was generated, the PTWC reverses earlier warning. In most Pacific areas where there are frequent tsunamis, several warning stations have been established (Satake Borrero, 2007). Although the tsunami warning systems cannot be said to be excellent in predicting tsunamis, they help in sensitising about the potential hazards of the tsunami and hence facilitate the conviction of the members of the public to evacuate (Bryant, 2008). It is through these warning systems that many lives have been saved from the devastating effects of the tsunami and other natural catastrophes. However, failure by the members of the public to have confidence in government agencies has caused varying awareness of the tsunami disaster. This has been occasioned by the use of inadequate data and knowledge to make over-warning of tsunami which in turn unnecessary alarms. Regular incidences of false warning s have caused laxity when it comes to responding to subsequent warnings (Murata Katoh, 2010). Often, failure to comply with warnings has resulted in unnecessary loss of lives and destruction of businesses. There is need, therefore, for the education of members of the public on the risks associated with tsunami. Fortunately, newer technologies are enabling more accurate prediction of tsunami and the potential risks. Necessary Risk Management Processes for the Management of a Business in Vulnerable Regions Being a seismically active region, Japan has over the ages enhanced its ability to deal with the various natural disasters associated with it like high-magnitude earthquakes, floods, tsunami, and so forth (Kumar, 2009). It has developed mechanisms of detecting as well as responding to such natural crises in order to minimize their potential impacts. For a long period of time now, the legal system in Japan has not taken into consideration the risk posed by natural disasters (OECD, 2 011). In 1961, the Basic Law for disaster management was developed. With the continued emergence of both natural and artificial disasters, the public sector risk management took center stage in such cases. In the 21st century, there is need to develop appropriate risk management processes that will help in the management of businesses in the vulnerable areas. Importance of a Risk Management Strategic Approach It is ultimately necessary to have risk management strategic approaches in place in disaster prone areas. Businesses by multinational corporations, small-medium sized enterprises, the public sector, as well as communities are prone to disasters which may be beyond the control of the management and the policy makers (Murata Katoh, 2010). These risks range from high prices of commodities and services, business and market conditions, disruption of operations, technological changes, natural catastrophes, and so forth. Available strategies that I would need to address these risks a re varied. In the case of natural disasters, there is need for strategic risk management approaches. Businesses should be prepared to respond accordingly to unexpected events by taking maximum precautionary measurers in advance (Edgar, 2011). The management should be able to deal with market volatilities associated with the disasters through the formulation of appropriate risk management strategic approaches. Importance of Applying Risk Plans and Strategies The risk plans and strategies must be applied in a systematic manner if risks are to be minimised and these include; Risk identification, Analysis, Monitoring, Evaluation and Reporting. The first step in setting up a formal risk management process involves the classification of factors that influence businesses in vulnerable regions. Next, the vulnerability to the various types of risks are analysed and the potential effects estimated. The associated losses help in the determination of possible benefits if risks are mitigated (Ja yasuriya McCawley, 2011). The success of risk management process requires continuous monitoring and evaluation of how the measures taken are performing. This implies that the formal risk management strategy is an ongoing process and hence calls for regular reports of how the business under consideration is performing. It is through these reports that new interventions are introduced in order to reduce risks and maximise the existing opportunities before the anticipated disasters strike. Conclusion Despite the fact that there has been advancement in technology over the past few decades, it is still not easy to issue timely warnings of earthquakes and tsunami in highly vulnerable Pacific regions like Japan. The impacts of the recent earthquake and tsunami in Japan are very significant. The effects were both short term and long term. However, the tourism and hospitality industries were the most affected with far reaching economic and social implications. About 25,000 thousand people w ere left dead as well as missing, and thousands were left injured as a result of the destructive tsunami triggered by the 9.0-magnitude earthquake. It has emerged from the discussion that the disastrous effects of the tsunami that occurred in Japan have had direct impacts on the transport and tourism industries. Shortly after the earthquake and tsunami were reported, both the inbound and outbound travel arrangements by hundreds of people were canceled. This was expected to have long-term effects on the tourism industry. Many countries have also advised their citizens against travelling to Japan during the disaster period. This has had direct impact on the Japanese tourism industry. The hospitality industry has also not been spared. Due to the reduced number of visitors into the country, many hotels and guest houses have recorded decreased number over the disaster period, particularly in the North Eastern prefectures. A number of effects on the tourism and hospitality industries have been discussed broadly in the paper. The paper has also pointed out the importance of risk management strategic approaches, the importance of applying risk plans and strategies like risk identification, analysis, monitoring, evaluating and reporting. Furthermore, the existing national and international risk management processes and disaster recovery processes by the member countries and how they function in vulnerable areas have been discussed. Therefore, it is evident that the recent tsunami disaster in Japan has directly affected both the tourism and hospitality industries and a lot of reconstruction will need to be done if they are to thrive all over again. References Bradley, P. K. Statler, M. (2011) Encyclopedia of Disaster Relief. SAGE Bryant, E, (2008) Tsunami: the underrated hazard. Springer Committee on the Review of the Tsunami Warning and Forecast System and Overview of the Nation’s Tsunami Preparedness (CRTWFSONTP) National Research Council (NRC) (2011) Tsunami Warning and Preparedness: An Assessment of  the U.S. Tsunami Program and the Nation’s Preparedness Efforts. National Academies Press Edgar, T. (2011) The Pearson General Knowledge Manual 2011. Pearson Education India Fraser, T. L. (2011) Body Connection. Xlibris Corporation Hebenstreit, G. T. (1997) Perceptions on tsunami hazard reduction: observation,  theory and planning. Springer Jayasuriya, S. McCawley, P. (2011) The Asian Tsunami: Aid and Reconstruction  After a Disaster. Edward Elgar Plc. Jones, A. L. Philips, M. (2011) Disappearing Destinations: Climate Change and the  Future Challenges for Coastal Tourism. CABI Kumar, M. J. (2009) Natural Disasters: Vulnerability, Preparedness and Mitigation. Springer Macdougall, D. (2011) Why Geology Matters: Decoding the Past, Anticipating the  Future. University of California Press Murata, S. Katoh, K. (2010) Tsunami: to survive from tsunami. World Scientific Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (201 1). OECD economic  surveys: Japan. Author Prothero, D. R. (2011) Catastrophes!: Earthquakes, Tsunamis, Tornadoes, and Other  Earth-Shattering Disasters. JHU Press Satake, K. Borrero, J. C. (2007) Tsunami and its Effects in the Indian and Pacific  Oceans. Springer Tankut, A. T. (2009) Tsunamis and Earthquakes: Civil engineering Disaster  Management. Springer This essay on Impact of the Japan Tsunami 2011 Disaster on Tourism and Hospitality Industries was written and submitted by user Tristin Mcintyre to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Passion is a passionate fi essays

The Passion is a passionate fi essays The Passion is a passionate film amongst viewers Mel Gibsons The Passion of the Christ blasted into the theatres with high expectations last Wednesday February 25, 2004. Many movie fanatics rushed to the threates to see the phenomenon movie that had been greatly advertised in magazines, newspapers, on television and on the big screens previews. However, many of The Passions viewers had different opinions after seeing the gory and gruesome, but historical accurate movie about the legendary of the death of Jesus Christ. The film seemed to be a very controversial diary of Jesus Christ among citizens in Hanover Township, as it had done to many other people across the nation who had witnessed the historical movie. It seemed a bit gory, but it was true. It told the whole story of the death of Jesus. Claimed David Suh, 15, a sophomore at Whippany Park High School. The blood and violence brought out what truly happened back in the days of Jesus. Some may have enjoyed its flash back into the B.C. times, but others thought the blood and violence was too much to take in. There was way too much violence. It showed the pain and hatred of those days and it didnt settle well in stomach. Explained Lindsey Molina, 19, college student. Others may have thought that brutal battling and horrifying and graphic images were a very dark side of the movie. It seemed too much. Others had mixed feelings. At times, the blood got to me, and I felt like I was going to faint. Said Jerry Pinnes, 15, sophomore at Whippany Park High School. However, I really enjoyed the trip back into history. Those were very important times. The mixture of fact and gore has defiantly had a great impact on American moviegoers, because The Passion of the Christ has already soared past a million dollars in movie tickets. ...

Reflection 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reflection 3 - Essay Example 2. My top three scores are Ambassador, Truth-seeker and Creative Builder which are all 21 points out of 25. This means that most of my strengths are on being diplomatic and allowing people to settle things before they get worst and on allowing them to realize their potentials. It is also important for me to be fair and for people to be the same on the basis of justice. It is also helpful that I find ways to solve things and look for new things and to improve them. This is basically what could be my leadership legacy. These are not bad qualities which I hope to improve by building more relationships and analytical process of solving things. 3. Daniel leadership style is effective in accordance to the Path-Goal Theory because he incorporates the connection of the demands that the task will require in relation to the kind of employees that he has. A good example of this is how he has categorized the types of work into two, namely, duplicating and publishing. Those who he assigned to duplicate documents do not require much skill and this is where the part-time students would be more effective since their main focus is on their respective courses. Those who are working under desktop publishing are more skilled than the other workers because their job requires time and more tedious work including creativity. Daniel as a leader is able to motivate the employees because they know that they are working under someone who has a concern for them. He is able to coach them when they need help, like in a software problem, guide them in the completion of their jobs and direct them when the same is necessary. Knowing that they can talk to their boss motivates the employees. Daniel’s work in The Copy Center makes him mindful of the character of the task and the capabilities of the subordinates makes for an effective leadership style that he